|
|religion = |currency = Yugoslav dinar | |leader1 = Josip Broz Tito (first) |leader2 = Milan Pančevski (last) |year_leader1 = 1945–1980 |year_leader2 = 1989–1990 |title_leader = General Secretary | |representative1 = Ivan Ribar (first) |representative2 = Branko Kostic (last) |year_representative1 = 1945–1953 |year_representative2 = 1991–1992 |title_representative = President | |deputy1 = Josip Broz Tito (first) |deputy2 = Ante Marković (last) |year_deputy1 = 1945–1963 |year_deputy2 = 1989–1991 |title_deputy = Prime Minister | |legislature = Federal Assembly |house1 = Chamber of Republics |house2 = Federal Chamber | |stat_year1 = 1989 |stat_area1 = 255804 |stat_pop1 = 23724919 |cctld = .yu |calling_code = 38 |today = |footnote_a = Full name in the Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian languages, written in the Latin alphabet (see Name section for details). |footnote_b = Full name in Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian, written in Cyrillic. |footnote_c = Full name in the Slovene language (Slovene only uses Latin). |footnote_d = There was no proclaimed official language at federal level. |footnote_e = Serbo-Croatian was a ''de facto'' official language. Its regional varieties were recognized and made official in their respective republics:〔〔 as ''Serbian'' in SR Serbia, ''Croatian'' in SR Croatia and ''Bosnian'', ''Serbian'' and ''Croatian'' in SR Bosnia and Herzegovina. |footnote_f = Official in SR Macedonia. |footnote_g = Official in SR Slovenia. }} The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia or SFRY) was the Yugoslav state that existed from its foundation in the aftermath of World War II until its dissolution in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia. In addition, it included two autonomous provinces within Serbia: Kosovo and Vojvodina. After initially siding with the Eastern bloc under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito at the beginning of the Cold War, Yugoslavia pursued a policy of neutrality after the Tito–Stalin split of 1948, and it became one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement. After the death of Tito in 1980, rising ethnic nationalism in the late 1980s led to dissidence among the multiple ethnicities within the constituent republics, followed by collapse of inter-republic talks on transformation of the country and recognition of their independence by some European states in 1991. This led to the country collapsing along the federal units, followed by the final downfall and breakup of the country in 1992, and the start of the Yugoslav Wars. ==Name== The name ''Yugoslavia'', an Anglicised transcription of ''Jugoslavija'', is a composite word made-up of ''jug'' (with the "j" pronounced like an English "y") and ''slavija''. The translation of the Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian and Slovene word ''jug'' is "south", while ''slavija'' ("Slavia") keeps its meaning ("land of the Slavs"). Thus, a "translation" of ''Jugoslavija'' would be "South-Slavia" or "Land of the South Slavs". The term unifies the six South Slavic nations of Yugoslavia: Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Bosniaks, Serbs and Slovenes. The full official name of the country varied significantly between 1945 and 1992.〔Benson, Leslie; ''Yugoslavia: a Concise History''; Palgrave Macmillan, 2001 ISBN 0-333-79241-6〕 Yugoslavia was formed in 1918 under the name Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In January 1929, King Alexander I assumed dictatorship of the country and renamed it into Kingdom of Yugoslavia, for the first time making the term "Yugoslavia"—which had been used colloquially for decades (even before the country was formed)—the official name of the state.〔 After the Kingdom was occupied during World War II, AVNOJ announced in 1943 their intention to rebuild the country as Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (DF Yugoslavia, DFY), leaving the republic-or-kingdom dilemma open. In 1945, the country became the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FPR Yugoslavia, FPRY), with the constitution coming into force in 1946 and in 1963 the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia, SFRY). The state is most commonly referred to by this last full name (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), which it held for the longest period of all. Of the three Yugoslav languages, the Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian language name for the state was identical, while Slovene slightly differed in capitalization and the spelling of the adjective "Socialist". The names are as follows: *Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian languages * *Latin alphabet: ''Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija''. * *Cyrillic script: Социјалистичка Федеративна Република Југославија. * * * *(:sɔt͡sijaˈlistit͡ʃka fɛdɛraˈtivna rɛˈpublika juɡɔˈsɫavija) *Slovene language * * ''Socialistična federativna republika Jugoslavija'', . Due to the length of the name, abbreviations were often used to refer to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, though the state was most commonly known simply as ''Yugoslavia''. The most common abbreviation is SFRY (SFRJ or СФРЈ), though ''SFR Yugoslavia'' was also used in official capacity, particularly by the media. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|